全国2012年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试

请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上

　　I.语法、词汇。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。错选、多选或未选均无分。（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

　　Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. （15 points）

　　1. Much ______been said about the problem but nothing _______ been done so far.

　　A. has， had  B. had， has

　　C. had， had  D. have， have

　　2. I‘d like to have ______ with you sometime this week about your approaching exams.

　　A. a word  B. some word

　　C. some words  D. one word

　　3. My aunt was a dancer and she went on ______ stage at ______ age of eight.

　　A. the， an  B. /，the

　　C. the， the  D. a，/

　　4. Tomorrow will be cloudy， with a few sunny______.

　　A. intervals  B. periods

　　C. steps  D. instance

　　5. He‘s been unemployed for a whole year and is craving ________ a chance to work.

　　A. to  B. for

　　C. at  D. in

　　6. The world‘s supplies of petroleum ______.

　　A. have gradually exhausted  B. are being gradually exhausted

　　C. are gradually exhausting  D. are gradually exhausted

　　7. In many parts of the world the only ________ water supply lies below the ground.

　　A. continuous  B. permanent

　　C. instant  D. constant

　　8. Since life is short and the world is wide， ______ you start exploring it ________.

　　A. the early， the better  B. the quicklier， the better

　　C. the sooner， the better  D. the quick， the better

　　9. This is the computer _______ we have had so much trouble.

　　A. to which  B. at which

　　C. with which  D. of which

　　10. Without trees our world _______ a much drier place.

　　A. is  B. will be

　　C. would be  D. must be

　　11. I would appreciate ______ it a secret.

　　A. your keeping  B. you to keep

　　C. that you keep  D. that you will keep

　　12. I wish I ___________ longer this morning， but I had to get up and come to class.

　　A. could have slept  B. slept

　　C. might have slept  D. have slept

　　13. This ticket ___________ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.

　　A. gives  B. grants

　　C. entitles  D. credits

　　14. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the ___________ movie could not hold our attention.

　　A. three-hours  B. three-hour

　　C. three-hours‘  D. three-hour’s

　　15. Until then， his family ____________ from him for six months.

　　A. didn‘t hear  B. hasn’t been hearing

　　C. hasn‘t heard  D. hadn’t heard

　　Ⅱ。完形填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。错选、多选或未选均无分。（本大题共1 5小题，每小题1分，共15分）

　　Fill in each blank in the passage with the most likely answer. （15 points）

　　From childhood to old age， we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first  16 ， they were like newborn children， unable to use this  17  tool. Yet once language developed， the possibilities for human kinds future  18  and cultural growth increased.

　　Many linguists （语言学家） believe that evolution is  19  for our ability to produce and use language. They  20  that our highly evolved brain provides us  21  an innate language ability not found in lower  22  . Proponents （建议者） of this innateness theory say that our  23  for language is inborn， but that language itself develops gradually，  24  a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical biological times for language development.

　　Current  25  of innateness theory are mixed， however， evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable.  26  ， more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in  27  grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being  28  . to them， while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the rules of their first language have become firmly fixed.

　　29  some aspects of language are undeniably innate， language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been  30  from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that interaction with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language acquisition than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative， learned behavior. In other words， children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child‘s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

　　16.A. generated  B. evolved  C. born  D. originated

　　17.A. valuable  B. appropriate  C. convenient  D. favorite

　　18.A. attainments  B. feasibility  C. entertainments  D. evolution

　　19.A. essential  B. available  C. reliable  D. responsible

　　20.A. confirm  B. inform  C. claim  D. convince

　　21.A. for  B. from  C. of  D. with

　　22.A. organizations  B. organisms  C. humans  D. children

　　23.A. potential  B. performance  C. preference  D. passion

　　24.A. as  B. just as  C. like  D. unlike

　　25. A reviews  B. reference  C. reaction  D. recommendation

　　26.A. In a word  B. In a sense  C. Indeed  D. In other words

　　27.A. various  B. different  C. the higher  D. the lower

　　28.A. revealed  B. exposed  C. engaged  D. involved

　　29.A. Although  B. Whether  C. Since  D. When

　　30.A. distinguished  B. different  C. protected  D. isolated

　　Ⅲ。难句释义。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。错选、多选或未选均无分。（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

　　Choose the closest paraphrased version for each of the sentences or italicized parts.

　　（10 points）

　　31. The hero created himself； the celebrity is created by the media.

　　A. The hero was admired for what they had done for society； the celebrity burst onto the scene by the work of the media.

　　B. The hero made it through thcir own efforts； the celebrity achieves fame because of his good relations with the media.

　　C. The hero of the past was active； today‘s celebrity is passive.

　　D. The hero publicized himself； the celebrity is publicized by the media.

　　32. There was a crash that made all the most violent crashes of his past life seem like the souncl of falling dust.

　　A. Compared with the most violent crashes in the past， this one seemed as gentle as dust falling.

　　B. Compared with this ear-splitting crash， all the other crashes in his past life seemed nothing.

　　C. In his past life he had never experienced a crash of such force as to make falling dust seem violent.

　　D. When this crash occurred， its deafening noise drowned all other noises； so no one could hear dust falling.

　　33. Every student should regularly experience the “Aha！”________ when something you never understood， or something you never knew was a mystery， becomes clear.

　　A. When students suddenly come to understand something new， or when they solve a mystery， they usually shout： “Aha！”

　　B. Students should keep learning new things so that they can feel the joy of discovering what they didn‘t understand before.

　　C. Students should often change subjects in their studies so that they can experience surprises， which makes learning more enjoyable.

　　D. If learning is made more surprising and mysterious， students will never find it boring.

　　34. It was in her mind to share their refuge.

　　A. The thought that they should share the refuge was constantly troubling her.

　　B. She was wondering if they should share their shelter with the neighbors.

　　C. She didn‘t mind that their shelter should be made a public place.

　　D. She thought they should share their shelter with the neighbors.

　　35. That did not answer； the sherry was a little too dry.

　　A. His efforts of selling sherry proved a failure； the sherry was not moist enough.

　　B. Nobody answered his hawking； people did not buy his sherry because it was too dry.

　　C. His trail of selling sherry did not provide a solution； he soon became tired of it again.

　　D. He did not get money in this business； the sherry dried out and he had nothing to sell.

　　36. Nothing was too good for that child （Laura）。

　　A. Laura deserved whatever her parents did for her.

　　B. Laura was a spoilt child and she was hard to please.

　　C. Laura never took her parents‘ love and care for granted.

　　D. Laura was untouched no matter what her parents did for her.

　　37. If I care about you， I‘m concerned about your growth， and I hope you will become all that you can become.

　　A. …… you will become what you want to be.

　　B. …… you will eventually become a gifted person.

　　C. …… you will develop all your abilities to the full.

　　D. …… you will be capable of doing all sorts of jobs.

　　38. Romance is the privilege of the rich， not the profession of the unemployed.

　　A. The poor should not fall in love the way the rich do.

　　B. The rich can be romantic； the jobless should be practical.

　　C. The rich can afford to love； the jobless must seek a living.

　　D. The poor， without a job， should be wise enough not to fall in love.

　　39. Child is a believing creature. Cliff undoubtedly believed them.

　　A. A child always wants adults to believe him.

　　B. A child readily accepts what adults say.

　　C. A child never rejects what adults tell him to do.

　　D. A child never thinks that adults can be right.

　　40. I‘ll have to lie again and say we came down with food poisoning， or something.

　　A. ……food poisoning kept us in bed.

　　B. ……a serious disease affected our health.

　　C. ……we suffered from an illness such as food poisoning.

　　D. ……we suffered from food poisoning or something like that.

　　IV.阅读理解。阅读短文，根据短文的内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。错选、多选或未选均无分。（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

　　Read the two passages and answer the questions. （20 points）

　　Passage 1

　　Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley， a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day. “It‘s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves，” he says. “Resumes（简历） arrive with stains. While other candidates don’t bother to spell the company‘s things at the cost of something larger they work toward. ”To keep from losing the forest for the trees，“ says Charles Garfield， associate professor at the University of California， San Francisco， ”we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture. If they don‘t fit well， we should drop them and move to something else.“ We can’t always be perfectionists.

　　Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time，” says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates（相配之物） of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.” Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.

　　Too often we believe what accounts for others‘ success is some special secret or a lucky break（机遇）。 But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again， we see that by doing little things within our grasp well， large rewards follow.

　　41. According to the passage， some job applicants were rejected ___________.

　　A. because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume

　　B. because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume

　　C. because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their Applications

　　D. because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves

　　42. The word “perfectionists” refers to those who ___________.

　　A. demand others to get everything absolutely right

　　B. know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances

　　C. pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives

　　D. are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do

　　43. Which of the following is the author‘s advice to the reader？

　　A. Although too much attention to details may be costly， they should not be overlooked.

　　B. Don‘t forget details when drawing pictures.

　　C. Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.

　　D. Careless applicants are not to be trusted.

　　44. The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that ___________.

　　A. minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives

　　B. failure is the mother of success

　　C. adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work

　　D. keeping one‘s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked

　　45. The best title for this passage would be ___________ .

　　A. Don‘t Be a Perfectionist  B. Importance of Adjustments

　　C. Details and Major Objectives  D. Hard Work Plus Good Luck

　　Passage 2

　　Taste is such a subjective matter that we don‘t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone’s preference， is that it‘s one person’s opinion. But because the two big cola （可口饮料） companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively， we‘ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans： Find your brand in a blind tasting.

　　We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic （传统型） or Pepsi， Diet （低糖的） Coke， or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they‘d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.

　　We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time， regular colas for the one group， diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi； then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants‘ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.

　　Getting all four samples right was a tough test， but not too tough， we thought， for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end， only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 to 27 identified all four samples correctly.

　　While both groups did better than chance would predict， nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall， half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first， so fatigue， or taste burnout was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

　　46. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to___________.

　　A. find out the role taste preference plays in a person‘s drinking

　　B. reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers

　　C. show that a person‘s opinion about taste is mere guess-work

　　D. compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks

　　47. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show ____________.

　　A. Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people‘s two most favorite drinks

　　B. there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi

　　C. few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi

　　D. people‘s tastes differ from one another

　　48. It is implied in the first paragraph that ___________.

　　A. the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas

　　B. the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies

　　C. the competition between the two colas is very strong

　　D. blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans

　　49. The word “burnout” here refers to the state of___________.

　　A. being seriously burnt in the skin

　　B. being unable to bum for lack of fuel

　　C. being badly damaged by fire

　　D. being unable to function because of excessive use

　　50. The author‘s purpose in writing this passage is to ___________.

　　A. show that taste preference is highly subjective

　　B. argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy

　　C. emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other

　　D. recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas

　　V.词形转换。将括号里提供的词转换成适当的词形填入答题纸上相应的位置。（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

　　Complete each of the following sentences with a （compound） word derived from the one（s） given in brackets. （10 points）

　　51. If we don‘t start out now， we must risk ___________ the train. （miss）

　　52. The government has worked out a ten-year program to ___________ the transport system of the country. （modern）

　　53. People who love peace staged a（n） _________ protest against NATO‘s bombings of Yugoslavia. （war）

　　54. China pursues a strict policy of ___________ in the internal affairs of other countries. （interfere）

　　55. He only ate a few ___________ of food and then left home in a hurry. （mouth）

　　56.The power cut left the room in complete___________.（dark）

　　57. Being well taken care of in the hospital， the patient made a quick ___________ from his illness.（recover）

　　58. Unlike his quite brother， he is very ___________. （talk）

　　59. Never indulge in ___________ as it‘s harmful to your health. （drink）

　　60. They are determined to fight racial ___________. （equal）

　　VI.句子翻译。将下列句子译成英语，译文写在答题纸上相应的位置。 （本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

　　Translate the following sentences into English. （15 points）

　　61.聪明人能从自己的错误中吸取教训。

　　62.那个委员会没能就这个问题达成一致意见。

　　63.为了躲开高峰期，苏珊只得每天早上8点赶公共汽车。

　　64.不同的民族对人权的定义有很大的不同。

　　65.你不能指望一两个星期内就能大大提高英语口语水平。

　　VII.作文。根据所学的一篇课文，写出150字左右的短文。 （本大题共1小题，15分）

　　Write a short composition of about 150 words based on one of the texts you have learnt.

　　（15 points）

　　66. “Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.”